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German submarine U-873
German submarine ''U-873'' was a German long range Type IXD2 U-boat of World War II. Following the surrender of Germany, the United States Navy studied ''U-873'' to improve United States submarine designs. ''U-873'' is remembered for the controversial treatment of its crew as prisoners of war and the death of commanding officer Friedrich Steinhoff in a Boston jail cell. Six months after Steinhoff's death, his brother was one of the Operation Paperclip rocket scientists from Peenemünde arriving in the United States to work at White Sands Missile Range.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Steinhoff, Ernst )〕
==History==
''U-873'' was commissioned on 1 March 1944 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Friedrich Steinhoff and assigned to the 4th U-boat Flotilla for training in the Baltic Sea from the base in Stettin.〔 The crew of the new submarine was assembled around a nucleus of Engineering Officer Helmut Jürgens, Quartermaster Albert Finister, and ten other survivors from , which had been sunk off the coast of Brazil on 11 August 1943.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=U-873 surrendered to U.S. forces on May 11, 1945 )〕 On 29 July 1944 a small aerial bomb struck the control room of ''U-873'' during a bombing raid on Bremen which injured four of the crew. Crewmen Fritz Grusa died of his injuries. ''U-873'' completed repairs in November. A Deschimag Type I schnorchel was fitted in December.〔
Upon completion of training on 31 January 1945 ''U-873'' was assigned to the 33rd U-boat Flotilla at Flensburg for war patrols to the Atlantic Ocean. ''U-873'' departed from Kiel on 17 February 1945 and arrived in Horten on 22 February. ''U-873'' sailed from Horten on 21 March 1945 and reached Kristiansand the following day. ''U-873'' sailed from Kristiansand on 30 March 1945〔 and was proceeding to an assigned operations area in the Caribbean Sea when Germany surrendered on 8 May.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Messages Reporting Preliminary Interrogation of U-1228 Crewmembers )〕 At 04:30 GMT on 11 May, ''U-873'' surrendered to of Escort Division 45 (CortDiv 45) while it was escorting convoy UGS 90 at .〔 ''Vance'' placed a prize crew aboard ''U-873'' and escorted the U-boat to Portsmouth Naval Shipyard on 16 May. ''U-873'' was placed in drydock for a design study of the Type IXD2 class of U-boats by Portsmouth Naval Shipyard engineers; and was later transferred to the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard. Following completion of trials, the U-boat was scrapped in 1948.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Suicide: U-Boat 873 Commander Friedrich Steinhoff )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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